WHY DO JAPANESE PEOPLE USE KEIGO

This article summarizes Japanese culture in a Q&A format.

This time, we focus on why Japanese people use keigo, or honorific language.

Q1: Why does the Japanese language have a special form of speech called keigo?

Keigo, or honorific language, plays an essential role in facilitating smooth interpersonal relationships in Japanese society. It’s not just about speaking politely—it’s a way of showing respect and consideration for others, helping maintain harmony and social order.

Q2: What are the specific effects of using keigo?

Using keigo has several key effects:

-It expresses respect toward people of higher status or older age, helping build good relationships.

-It promotes smooth communication by avoiding misunderstandings or conflict.

-It helps maintain social order by clarifying roles and status.

-It shows care and empathy for the listener, avoiding discomfort.

-It enhances the speaker’s image, fostering trust and a sense of reliability.

Q3: When did Japanese people start using keigo?

The origins of keigo trace back to ancient times, rooted in hierarchical social structures. During the Nara and Heian periods, the imperial court developed strict language rules for rituals and relationships. As samurai and merchant cultures evolved, more forms of keigo emerged, shaping the modern system we know today.

Q4: What types of keigo are there?

There are three main categories:

-Sonkeigo (Respectful Language): Honors and elevates the other person (e.g., irassharu, ossharu, nasaru).

-Kenjougo (Humble Language): Lowers the speaker to show respect (e.g., ukagau, moushiageru, itasu).

-Teineigo (Polite Language): Shows general politeness (e.g., desu, masu, gozaimasu).

Which form to use depends on the situation and relationship.

Q5: Why do Japanese people sometimes use keigo even among close friends or family?

Even among close relationships, keigo may be used for several reasons:

-It reflects ongoing care and respect despite familiarity.

-It helps maintain healthy boundaries and prevent over-familiarity.

-It’s appropriate in formal or public settings, regardless of personal closeness.

-Generational attitudes may influence language, with some preferring consistent politeness.

Q6: Why is it said that keigo is difficult for foreigners to learn?

-Keigo is often seen as difficult due to:

-Its complex system of respectful, humble, and polite forms.

-The need to adjust based on context, relationship, and topic.

-The cultural background behind it, which requires understanding social norms.

-Subtle nuances that affect how speech is perceived, even when meaning is the same.

Q7: Do Japanese people always use keigo perfectly?

No, not always. In casual settings or among family, informal speech is common. Minor mistakes are often overlooked if communication is smooth. However, in business or formal settings, using appropriate keigo is expected and important.

Q8: How is the use of keigo changing in modern Japan?

As Japan becomes more globalized and society changes, keigo is gradually evolving. Simplified expressions and a decline in usage in some situations are becoming more common. Still, its core purpose—showing respect and consideration—remains highly valued and unlikely to disappear.

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(This article was written using ChatGPT.)